Wave file format




















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A quality, well-done site that's among the most popular of its kind. This comes from the name of a data structure given to this format in the Windows API. It exists to work around some ambiguities in the original Wave file format without having to break compatibility with pre-existing files. Valid Bits Per Sample — The original Wave file spec is not clear about whether the bits per sample field represents the number of bits in each sample, or the size of the container each sample is in.

For example, if each sample is 20 bits inside a 24 bit container, should this field be set to 20, or 24? In this type of file, the bits per sample field should always be set to the container size of one sample, and the valid bits per sample field in the extension should be set to the number of bits that are actually relevant. For example, if a file contains 20 bit samples in 24 bit containers, then the original bits per sample field should be set to 24, and the valid bits per sample field in the extension should be set to The channel mask field lets you define specific speaker mappings for each channel e.

There are 18 defined speakers that can be mapped. The least significant 18 bits of this field are used as a bit field to indicate which channel maps to which speaker if any. Each defined speaker corresponds to a bit:. The channels will be mapped in the order of the speakers list above. If there are more channels than bits set in this field, the remaining channels will have an undefined speaker mapping.

If there are more bits set in the speaker mapping than there are channels, the extra bits should be ignored. To explicitly indicate that no channel is mapped to any specific speaker, set this field to 0. The spec says that if the most significant bit of this field is set to 1 e. Some GUID mappings include:. The fact chunk indicates how many sample frames are in the file. Note that this field indicates the total number of sample frames , not the total number of samples.

For example, if a stereo file contains 1, samples for the left channel and 1, samples for the right channel, the value of this field should be , not This gives a way of determining e. For example, if the data chunk body is , bytes, and bytes-per-sample-frame is 4 e. The layout for the data chunk is simpler than the format chunk: the normal 8-byte chunk header, followed by nothing but raw sample data. The sample data can be stored in a number of formats, which will be indicated by the format code field in the format chunk.

The following sections describe several formats that sample data in the data chunk can be stored as. This is the most common format, and consists of raw PCM samples as integers. The bits per sample field will indicate the range of the samples:.

Notice that 8-bit samples are unsigned, while larger bit depths are signed. Samples in a multi-channel PCM wave file are interleaved. That is, in a stereo file, one sample for the left channel will be followed by one sample for the right channel, followed by another sample for the left channel, then right channel, and so forth.

One set of interleaved samples is called a sample frame also called a block. A sample frame will contain one sample for each channel. In a monophonic file, a sample frame will consist of 1 sample. In a stereo file, a sample frame has 2 samples one for the left channel, one for the right channel.

In a 5-channel file, a sample frame has 5 samples. The bytes per sample frame field in the format chunk gives the size in bytes of each sample frame.



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