Research shows that black carbon is making dangerous bacteria harder to kill and resistant to antibiotics. Moreover, black carbon increases risks of heart attacks, strokes and even lung cancer. The vast amount of untested chemicals released into the air and found in our foods and household items endanger general public welfare. One study tested children for the presence of lead, methylmercury and polychlorinated biphenyls and found traces in over 89 percent of the subjects.
As the future of society, kids need a safe and healthy start to life. The variation of life on Earth makes up biodiversity — from humans to microorganisms — and is a necessity for ecosystems, and society, to thrive. The loss of wildlife limits the ability of ecosystems to provide the natural services and resources humans rely on.
In recent years, ecosystems on Earth have been altered due to human interferences like deforestation and agriculture. The number of endangered species and declining populations are on the rise, which can lead to extinction.
According to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, extinction, while sometimes a natural process, has increased times during the last years from the natural rate due to human interference. Disturbances to biodiversity would not only hurt the environment, but also human well-being. We risk food and energy security, access to viable water and materials, and become vulnerable to natural disasters. Biodiversity is an important part of environmental functions and contributes the the natural resources humans rely on.
Mitigating our contribution to this loss of species and investing in biodiversity is necessary if we wish to have a healthy life and world to live in. Climate change is the deviation from average weather patterns lasting for an extended period of time. Although there are conflicting opinions when it comes to the exact causes, a majority of scientists studying climate agree that greenhouse gas emissions and pollution from humans play a large role.
One closely related issue to climate change is global warming: A rise in the average temperature of the planet due to the emission of greenhouse gases. Global warming also has secondary effects, including rising sea levels due to the rapid melting of glaciers. A rising sea level would impact everyone and threatens wiping out coastlines and even whole states in the U. Additionally, the continuous presence of carbon dioxide into the air is changing the chemistry of the water and lowering its pH.
This results in sick marine life and ecosystems. In the U. The impact these events have on communities varies, but according to the UN Refugee Agency UNHCR nearly one person every second has been displaced by a disaster, including climate and weather-related events, since The oceans covers nearly 80 percent of our planet and faces numerous threats including garbage patches and acidification.
The use of plastic throughout the world has increased dramatically, with roughly million metric tons produced in alone scientists have estimated that over 5 trillion plastic particles are floating around the ocean, directly impacting the health of humanity. Marine organisms mistake plastic for food and consume it, affecting the food chain. In addition, plastic on the ocean surface could impact the exchange of carbon dioxide. Here are other ways you can help with ocean plastic.
Coral reefs hold more biodiversity than rainforests but are much more vulnerable to the rising global temperature. Global warming has made the oceans hotter than fragile corals can handle, forcing bleaching and a majority of marine species to leave the ecosystem. Today, 75 percent of our coral reefs are gone, sick, or threatened due to climate change and other local stressors.
Additional data shows that half the coral in the Great Barrier Reef has died since , all due to human influences. Corals have nowhere to hide and with nearly 25 percent of all marine fish depending on them in some way, it is critical that we do everything we can to protect them. Preserving coral reefs is not only an investment in the environment, but an investment in human health and sustainability.
Global warming has also caused glaciers to melt, the sea level to rise, and alterations in ocean chemistry. As mentioned above, rising carbon emissions leads to higher carbon concentrations in the ocean, known as ocean acidification. Today, more than a billion people worldwide count on the ocean as their primary source of protein, meaning acidification can cost us lives.
Although acidification impacts species differently, the lowering pH value can result in a number of unhealthy marine organisms, risking food and job security. Although glaciers and ice caps naturally melt during the summer months, snow during the winter usually provides a balance.
With a warmer climate, melting occurs quicker than the natural rate and less snow fills the gaps. This results in excessive melt water flowing into the ocean, leading to higher sea levels. When sea levels rise as rapidly, coastal areas face serious threats: Flooding, erosion, and storms all become even greater concerns. While residents of coastal areas could be forced to move further inland , low-lying islands could be completely submerged in the years to come.
According to The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, by , we can expect the oceans to be about 11 to 38 inches higher than they are now. Melting ice can also affect biodiversity and animal welfare.
As water continues to rapidly flow into the ocean, fish, birds and plants may lose their habitats. Animals like polar bears and penguins that rely on the cold weather and icy habitats face extinction while exposure to salt water could kill off plants and degrade soil. Substances with poisonous and harmful effects are regularly introduced into the environment. Bangladesh Environmental Conservation Amendment Act, q. Bangladesh Environmental Court Amendment Act, r. Ozone Depleting Substance Control Rules, s.
National Energy Policy, t. Sound Pollution Rules, u. Building Construction Rules, v. Medical Waste Management and Handling Rules, w. Mobile Court Act, x. Bangladesh Environmental Conservation Amendment Act, y. Bangladesh Environmental Conservation Amendment Rules, z. Bangladesh Environmental Court Act, aa.
National Urban Sector Policy, bb. Bangladesh Water Act, [41] It is urgent need to enforce and implement effectively the above mentioned rules, laws and policy for protecting deterioration of environmental condition. The Ministry of Environment and Forest MoEF is in charge of devising appropriate policies, plans and programs and to coordinate the activities for protection and improvement of the environment and the Department of Environ- ment DoE under the MoEF is the regulatory body and technical wing of the government responsible for enforcing environmen- tal laws to ensure environmental conservation and sustainable development [10].
Moreover, strong monitoring is also necessary to observe violation of legislation by different industries, brick kilns, establishments and vehicles. Bangladesh is the 8th biggest populous and 6th most densely populated country of the world [10]. Air, water and soil are the major abiotic parts of environment which are needed to consider for any development of the country. But by ignoring the environmental components, Bangladesh is facing serious environmental degradation because of pollution problems with rapid growth of population and in- dustrialization.
Deterioration of environment is in dreadful situation over the current periods of time [2]. Environment pollution has adverse effect on healthy living, prosperity and survival of people [9]. Sector wise management system and implication of legislation to reduce air, water and soil pollution and to ensure proper management of solid waste shall be effective in such case. Policy makers are also needed to be more active and aware about environmental problems for effective decision making.
We should adhere the message of the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development [ ] Environmental problems must be understood as part of the larger social framework, as an integral part of social integration, and must be addressed from this perspective. Without proper implementation of legislation and enforcement of law, it is impossible to reduce environmental problems. As the people of this country are not fully aware about the importance of conserving environment, so environmental awareness programs are needed for the people.
Engagement of civil society in creating environmental awareness and for taking part in environmental development is also essential in this respect. Moreover, as a low lying country, Bangladesh is one of the vulnerable countries for global warming, climate change and sea level rise and also natural and man-made disasters.
Environ- mental deterioration has also been leading the possibility of more disastrous situations for the country. So it is the demand of time to take necessary steps preventive, precautionary and corrective measures to improve the environmental quality of Bangladesh. Satter Ed. Rahman and A. Motalib, and R. Dewan, M.
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